Pakistan's Air Pollution Conundrum: The Challenge of Inconsistent Policy Implementation

For the past 30 years, smog has plagued millions of urban residents in Pakistan, particularly in Punjab, where air quality levels reach hazardous levels from October to March. The Air Quality Index (AQI) of Lahore surpassed 1,000 in November 2024, largely due to burning rice stubble transport and industrial pollution. Lack of source apportionment hinders effective policy design.