Socail Policy and Development Centre

Interactive Dialogues on Countering Violent Extremism - The Composite Report

SPDC envisioned a consultative process for discussion and knowledge production on violent extremism particular to Sindh province. Recognizing the dearth of context-specific, localized research, it aimed for a series of dialogues as a first step; a rapid appraisal of the on-ground situation to flag… Read More

Research Report

The Impact of Tobacco Use on Household Consumption Patterns in Pakistan

This study is the first attempt to estimate the impact of tobacco use on consumption patterns of households in Pakistan and complements existing work on the crowding out effect of tobacco expenditures in developing economies. It also explores how reductions in tobacco expenditure affect intra-household… Read More

Research Report

Quantifying the Potential Tax Base of Cigarette Industry in Pakistan

Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable death particularly in developing world. Pakistan is not an exception, where the prevalence of tobacco use has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Globally, tobacco taxation is considered one of the crucial elements of tobacco… Read More

Research Report

Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Summary Report

Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Summary Report Read More

Research Report

Trade and Compliance of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chain

Trade and Compliance of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chain Read More

Research Report

Smoothing Sporadic Estimates of Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan

Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the… Read More

Research Report

Strengthening Fiscal Federalism in Pakistan

Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the… Read More

Research Report

A Study of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in India and Pakistan

A Study of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in India and Pakistan Read More

Research Report

The 2017 Census of Pakistan: Analyses of Results - Volume 1

The 2017 Census of Pakistan: Analyses of Results - Volume 1 Read More

Research Report

Macroeconomic Impacts of Tobacco Use in Pakistan

Macroeconomic Impacts of Tobacco Use in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment with regard to Social Protection

Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment with regard to Social Protection Read More

Research Report

Poverty and Vulnerability Estimates: Pakistan 2016

The main objective of this research is to provide poverty and vulnerability statistics estimated from the latest available Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data. Poverty estimates show that close to 38 percent population of Pakistan was living below the poverty line during the year 2015-16.… Read More

Research Report

Explaining Spousal Physical Violence through Dimensions of Women Empowerment: Evidence from Pakistan

This research investigates whether women's empowerment, defined alternatively protects women against spousal physical violence. Nationally representative data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13 is used to quantify the nature and direction of relationship between dimensions of women’s… Read More

Research Report

Political Economy of Social Development in Pakistan

Political Economy of Social Development in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Citizens’ Perceptions of Urban Public Services

Urban citizens’ perception survey on public service delivery was conducted by the Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) in 2015. The purpose of the survey was to get opinion of public service users regarding access, quality and reliability of service provision; problems encountered and… Read More

Research Report

Implications of Implementing SDGs at the National Level: A Case of Pakistan

Implications of Implementing SDGs at the National Level: A Case of Pakistan Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2015- 16

State of the Economy: An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2015- 16 Read More

Research Report

Growth and Income Inequality Effects on Poverty: The Case of Pakistan (1988-2011)

This research assesses the distributional characteristics of growth in Pakistan by applying statistical techniques suggested in the empirical literature on poverty and income inequality. An attempt is also made to determine the relative contribution of economic growth and distribution of income to… Read More

Research Report

Determinants of Child Schooling Work and Idleness: The Case of the Punjab Province

This paper analyses the determinants of child activity with regard to schooling, working or neither schooling nor working in the age cohort 5-14 years. Primary data of the Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2010-11 has been used for this study. The objective of the study… Read More

Research Report

Health and Educational Status of Children: An Exploration through a Gender Lens

The health and educational status of children with respect to undernourishment (underweight, stunting and wasting), mortality (IMR and CMR) and out-of-school children in age cohort 5-14 years are quantified across gender and across household multidimensional poverty status. Multiple Indicator Cluster… Read More

Research Report

Gender and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Study of Disaster Prone Areas in Sindh

Gender and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Study of Disaster Prone Areas in Sindh Read More

Research Report

Profiling Rural Pakistan for Poverty Inequality and Social Exclusion

The study documents the extent and spread of poverty in rural Pakistan using two different approaches to define and measure population living in distress and deprivation. In addition, social exclusion is assessed by developing the geographical Indices of Multiple Derivations. Income inequality… Read More

Research Report

School Participation in Rural Pakistan: A Situation Analysis

The study highlights the major characteristics of schooling in rural Pakistan by providing a situation analysis in terms of access, equality and quality of education. A cohort-wise analysis for primary (5-9 age cohort) and secondary (10-14 age cohort) levels is carried out to look at the prevailing… Read More

Research Report

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Gender-Sensitive Education Financing

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Gender-Sensitive Education Financing Read More

Research Report

Predicting Sub-National Poverty Incidence for Pakistan

This research note provides sub-national estimates of monetary poverty with the help of information available in two household surveys conducted during 2010-11. Data of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) are combined to produce… Read More

Research Report

Gender Dimensions in Rural Non-farm Employment in Pakistan

Gender Dimensions in Rural Non-farm Employment in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: An Ambitious Budget 2013-14

State of the Economy: An Ambitious Budget 2013-14 Read More

Research Report

The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Karachi

The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Karachi Read More

Research Report

Pakistan Poverty Statistics: Estimates for 2011

This research paper provides poverty statistics estimated from the latest available household survey data. The estimates show that an overall 38 percent of the population was poor according to the methodology adopted for this study during the year 2010-11. The incidence, depth and severity of rural… Read More

Research Report

Gender Dimensions of Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Case of Lyari Expressway in Karachi

Gender Dimensions of Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Case of Lyari Expressway in Karachi Read More

Research Report

An Exploratory Analysis of Inter-Temporal Multidimensional Poverty

The approach to measure poverty in terms of financial deprivation has been widely criticised in the literature of welfare and well-being. It is argued that to understand the complex phenomenon of poverty or to evaluate household or individual well-being, a multidimensional exercise is imperative.… Read More

Research Report

Districts' Indices of Multiple Deprivations for Pakistan-2011

This study analyses disparities among provinces and districts for the years 2011, 2009 and 2005 with respect to household socio-economic deprivations and could be used as a reliable base for provincial and district development policies. Analysis presented in this study is based on 17 variables, arranged… Read More

Research Report

Has civil society failed in Pakistan?

Has civil society failed in Pakistan? Read More

Research Report

Gender Dimensions of Social Safety Nets: The Case of Zakat Recipients in Pakistan

Gender Dimensions of Social Safety Nets: The Case of Zakat Recipients in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Female- Headed Households in Pakistan Baseline Survey

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Female- Headed Households in Pakistan Baseline Survey Read More

Research Report

Trade Liberalisation and Gender Dynamics of Employment in Pakistan

Trade Liberalisation and Gender Dynamics of Employment in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Public Spending on Education and Health in Pakistan: A Dynamic Investigation through Gender Lens

Public Spending on Education and Health in Pakistan: A Dynamic Investigation through Gender Lens Read More

Research Report

A Profile of Social Protection in Pakistan: An Appraisal of Empirical Literature

The consensus developed in various studies on social protection is that there is no clearly articulated government social protection framework. Various social security schemes and cash assistance programs are developed largely as a series of adhoc responses to problems raised by particular circumstances… Read More

Research Report

Assessing Vulnerability to Poverty: Evidence from Pakistan

The paper assesses the extent of household vulnerability to poverty in Pakistan. Preferably, household panel data of sufficient length is used to measure the incidence of vulnerability. However this data is rare in developing countries and if available is not nationally or regionally representative.… Read More

Research Report

Estimation of Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan

This study is the first attempt to quantify the extent of multidimensional poverty in the context of Pakistan. It involves developing multidimensional poverty indices (headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity) and comparing them with the traditional income approach. It has been estimated, using… Read More

Research Report

Understanding Rural Poverty Dynamics: The Case of the Poorest District of Sindh Pakistan

This research focuses on changes in the poverty status of rural households to explore the main determinants of upward and downward income and poverty mobility. The study uses panel survey data for District Badin, which is among the poorest districts of the Sindh province. Households interviewed earlier… Read More

Research Report

Exploring the Impact of Microfinance in Pakistan

Much of the impetus behind the large and increasing support from national governments, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and donor agencies for microfinance, hinges on the assumption that its economic and social impacts are significant. However, this needs to be examined more closely. This study… Read More

Research Report

Pay Offs to Schooling and Returns to Credentials

This paper uses Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2004-2005 to examine labour market earnings. The earning function controls for educational qualifications in addition to years of schooling and other conventional correlates. The estimated returns to additional years of… Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: Fiscal Policy Choices in Budget 2008-09

State of the Economy: Fiscal Policy Choices in Budget 2008-09 Read More

Research Report

Satisfaction or Frustration: A Survey of Selected District Governments

The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade

The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade Read More

Research Report

Trends in Regional Human Development Indices

The purpose of this research is to highlight changes in human development status of districts of Pakistan during the period between 1998 and 2005. The standard summary measure, Human Development Index (HDI) proposed by UNDP, is applied at the district level. District HDIs, estimated for both periods… Read More

Research Report

Indices of Multiple Deprivations 2005

The objective of this research is to update district-wise Indices of Multiple Deprivations 1998, using the latest available data of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005 (PSLM, 2005). The period from 1998 to 2005, offers an opportunity to evaluate performance of the present… Read More

Research Report

Education Status of Districts: An Exploration of Inter-Temporal Changes

This research appraises inter-temporal educational status for the period 1998- 2005. Access and inequality is measured through the District Education Index (DEI). DEI is a composite index and includes enrollments at various levels as well as literacy rates. Two data sources are used for this exercise:… Read More

Research Report

Income Poverty at District Level: An Application of Small Area Estimation Technique

The objective of this research is to provide estimates of income poverty at the district level with the help of information available in household surveys; PSLM and HIES 2004-05. Both surveys are combined to produce poverty measures at district level using small area estimation technique. The technique… Read More

Research Report

Updating Poverty and Inequality Estimates: 2005 Panorama

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) keeps track records of intertemporal changes in poverty incidence by using the consistent methodology for defining and computing national and regional poverty lines and poverty incidences. This research paper provides latest estimates of poverty for the… Read More

Research Report

Gender Inequality and Trade Liberalization: A Case Study of Pakistan

The main focus of this study undertaken by the authorsis to explore the impact of trade liberalization on gender inequalities in Pakistan. The overall gender inequality based on three dimensions, including labour market, education and health facilities, are analyzed in this paper using data from… Read More

Research Report

Determinants of Recent Inflation in Pakistan

The expansionary economic policies of the government and of the central bank (State Bank of Pakistan – SBP), which on one side resulted in impressive economic performance, stimulated a rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) on the other. This initiated a debate on the determinants of the recent… Read More

Research Report

Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan

This paper tries to highlight the effect of fiscal policy, monetary policy and other economic measures on TFP in Pakistan. Analyzing TFP in Pakistan by using recent data is important for two reasons. First, in the past few years, Pakistan has been experiencing very high growth in the region and it… Read More

Research Report

Estimating the Black Economy through Monetary Approach: A Case Study of Pakistan

In recent years, the ‘black economy’ has held enormous appeal for policy makers. The presence of the black economy creates critical misrepresentation of macroeconomic variables in official estimates which lead to false determination and delusional impact of economic policies. Similarly,… Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: Growing Macroeconomic Imbalances

The Review represents the efforts of SPDC to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It points out the improvements in economic performance and an increase in the economy's sustainable rate of growth over the past few years, which are in part a result of the… Read More

Research Report

Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973-2000

Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973-2000 Read More

Research Report

The Economy in the Aftermath of the Earthquake

In this study, we use simulations from the Social Policy and Development Centre’s large-scale empirical model of Pakistan’s economy to quantify the economic losses resulting from the devastating earthquake that hit the country on October 8, 2005. We then use the model to trace the path… Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: An Overheating Economy

The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It highlights the impressive growth performance and the Government's role in achieving that. But it also emphasizes that some signs of overheating and stress are now emerging in the economy… Read More

Research Report

Cancer: Social Social Implications of Treatment and Financial Burden

The purpose of the study was to assess the high cost of cancer and depletion of assets of the patients suffering from cancer. The investigations were conducted with the guidance from oncologists and other health professionals. The objectives of the study were: to estimate and highlight the cost of… Read More

Research Report

Province-Wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation

This report is motivated to fill the gap in policy analysis by estimating the human capital index (HCI) at the provincial level from 1982-83 to 2001-02. The accumulated human capital is estimated using the Labourincome based methodology. The index is computed for the three sectors of the economy:… Read More

Research Report

In Search of Poverty Predictors: The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan

The main objective of this research exercise is to provide correlates of household consumption or poverty using the latest household survey. The estimated coefficients and their weights may be used to predict poverty incidence from light monitoring survey such as Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire… Read More

Research Report

Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan's Poverty Trends

The paper explores the linkages between poverty, growth and inequality in the context of Pakistan. Time series macro data are used for the period 1979 to 2002. Consistent poverty and inequality measures are interpolated to facilitate the estimation of poverty elasticity with respect to growth and… Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: A Shift towards Growth

The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but also identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and where policy shifts are called for. And in line with SPDC’s perspective, the… Read More

Research Report

Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Historical Background

The Working Papers provide a vehicle for the initial dissemination of the work of the project to a wide range of audience including policy makers, scholars, development practitioners, policy analysts, international donor organizations and country-wide or regional nonprofit organizations. Working… Read More

Research Report

Zakat As A Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impact

Zakat As A Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impact Read More

Research Report

Microfinancing: Fighting Against Poverty

Microfinancing: Fighting Against Poverty Read More

Research Report

Pakistan's External Debt Burden: Causes Complexities and Remedies

Pakistan's External Debt Burden: Causes Complexities and Remedies Read More

Research Report

State of the Economy: Behind the Aggregates

The report is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but cautions against certain misleading and, consequently, overly optimistic judgements. It identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and… Read More

Research Report

Poverty and Inequality During the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys

This paper investigates the dynamics of poverty and inequality in Pakistan over the period 1988-1999. The year 1988 was the year of the first formal Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) from the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, this analysis facilitates the debate regarding the impact of SAL on household… Read More

Research Report

Impact of Ownership and Concentration of Land on Schooling: The Case of Rural Punjab

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how ‘landlordism’ (land concentration and landlessness) impede education attainments and consequently, increase poverty and income inequality. The study is based on the latest data of the Agricultural Census (2000) for Punjab1 province, which… Read More

Research Report

Mapping the Spatial Deprivation of Pakistan

Geographical targeting may be a viable way to allocate resources for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Efficiency can be increased and leakages to the non-poor reduced substantially by targeting needy areas. A national and regional database of substantial poverty maps or deprivation indices… Read More

Research Report

Price and Income Effects on Urban Undernutrition

This paper estimates the extent of undernutrition in urban Pakistan in terms of calorie consumption after controlling heterogeneity in household characteristics. It also evaluates the sensitivity of price and income shocks on incidence, depth and severity of undernutrition. Approximately 27 percent… Read More

Research Report

Private Returns to Education: Evidence for Pakistan

The study provides estimates of the private return to education in Pakistan. A Mincerian earning function is estimated using the latest available household survey data of 2001-02. Inter-provincial, inter-sectoral and inter-regional variations in earning and educational attainment are explored. The… Read More

Research Report

Returns to Education: The Case of Fertility

The purpose of this research is to observe the impact of the individual and aggregate-level education on the fertility rate. The empirical investigation has been extended to observe the determinants of fertility using aggregate district data. The estimated coefficients of the macro fertility model… Read More

Research Report

The Changing Profile of Regional Inequality

There is a growing concern, in developing and transition economies that spatial and regional inequality, of economic activity, incomes and social indicators, is on the increase. Regional inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions… Read More

Research Report

The Knowledge Divide: Education Inequality in Pakistan

As economic activity becomes increasingly knowledge based, disparities in educational opportunity play a more important role in determining the distribution of income and poverty. A greater equity in the distribution of educational opportunities enables the poor to capture a larger share of the benefits… Read More

Research Report

Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues

Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues Read More

Research Report

Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan

Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Cost of Living Index by City of Pakistan

Cost of Living Index by City of Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Recasting Sindh Budget (Expenditures) From 'Head of Account' To 'Department' Basis

Recasting Sindh Budget (Expenditures) From 'Head of Account' To 'Department' Basis Read More

Research Report

Law and the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan

The objectives of this study are to: document the size, scope, internal structure, finance and legal position of the nonprofit sector in the country; examine the relations between the nonprofit sector and government and identify the ways in which this relationship can be improved; to improve public… Read More

Research Report

The Slowing Down of the Growth of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan

This paper quantifies the trend in TFP in Pakistan over the 25 years period, 1972-73 and 1997- 98. This leads to the conclusion that a significant part of the decline in growth rate during the decade of the 90s is also due to a slowing down of the growth in TFP and not just because of a lower level… Read More

Research Report

Impact of the Afghan War on the Economy: Options for Pakistan

Impact of the Afghan War on the Economy: Options for Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Stabilization vs Growth: Federal Budget 2001-02

Stabilization vs Growth: Federal Budget 2001-02 Read More

Research Report

Incidence of Income Poverty in Pakistan

Incidence of Income Poverty in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Credit to the Poor: Consultations with Borrowers

The paper reflects the views of loan recipients of the National Rural Support Program and Orangi Pilot Project B two leading microfinance institutions in rural and urban areas respectively. Focus Group Discussion and detailed individual case studies were conducted to evaluate these programs in terms… Read More

Research Report

Social Development and Economic Growth: A Statistical Exploration

This paper is an attempt to relate social development and economic growth in order to assess the success of various policy regimes. The paper also tests for a statistical relationship between the two so as to answer the question whether improvements in the social indicators can be explained by the… Read More

Research Report

Evaluation of Social Safety Nets in Pakistan

Evaluation of Social Safety Nets in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Elements of Good Economic Governance

Elements of Good Economic Governance Read More

Research Report

Alternative Delivery Mechanisms for Social Services: Some Case Studies from Pakistan

Alternative Delivery Mechanisms for Social Services: Some Case Studies from Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2000-01

The Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) has a tradition of bringing out a Research Report every year containing analysis of the proposals for expenditure and taxation in the Federal Budget from the viewpoint of their impact on the economy and people of Pakistan. This year’s report contains… Read More

Research Report

Public-Private Partnerships in the Health Sector

This report presents general guidelines for preparing a case study of public-private partnership in the health sector. Based on the guidelines, a case study is undertaken in partnership between a private medical college and a public hospital in the city of Abbottabad in NWFP. This case study… Read More

Research Report

Macroeconomic Developments and Poverty

The paper deals with the impact of macroeconomic developments on the incidence of poverty and offers an explanation as to why poverty fell sharply in the decade of 80s and has tended to increase significantly in the 90s. It develops a set of medium term (upto 2002- 03) macroeconomic projections which… Read More

Research Report

A Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework for Pakistan

This paper is based on the work done by the Macroeconomic Framework Sub-Group of the Economic Advisory Board of which the author was the Convenor. Projections made by the Sub-Group have been revised in light of recent numbers and in response to comments received from members of EAB in the meeting… Read More

Research Report

Social Impact of Economic Crisis: Lessons for Pakistan

Social Impact of Economic Crisis: Lessons for Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Impact of Economic Adjustment on Social Development in Pakistan

Impact of Economic Adjustment on Social Development in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

Modeling Poverty Trends in Pakistan: Some Additional Empirical Evidence

Modeling Poverty Trends in Pakistan: Some Additional Empirical Evidence Read More

Research Report

The 1998 Population Census

The 1998 Population Census Read More

Research Report

Evaluation of the Federal Budget 1999 2000

This report contains seven articles on various aspects of the Budget of 1999-2000, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope that government officials, private sector, members of NGOs and civil society at large will find this report useful in understanding the implications of the Budget. … Read More

Research Report

Analysis of Provincial Budgets 1999-2000

This report contains nine articles on various aspects of the Budgets of the four provincial governments in 999-2000, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope that government officials, private sector, members of NGOs and civil society at large will find this report useful in understanding the implications… Read More

Research Report

Gender Inequality in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to quantity the extent of gender inequality in access to social and economic opportunity in Pakistan and to analyse its determinants. Analysis shows a high degree of gender inequality in Pakistan. This is largely a consequence of inequality in labour force participation… Read More

Research Report

Essays on the Federal Budget 1998 99

This report compiles a dozen essays relating to the state of the economy, budgetary trends, accuracy of budgetary proposals, evaluation of the taxation proposals, development priorities and the macro economic impact of the budget on growth, inflation, savings and investments, external sector, poverty… Read More

Research Report

Decentralised Governance of Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority

The research has identified the changes made by SKAA in its lease granting and development procedures. This has consisted primarily of decentralisation of the process of decision making, whereby the authority of granting leases which was originally centralised at the top in the Director General himself… Read More

Research Report

Social and Economic Ranking of Districts of Pakistan

The report has used 37 indicators relating to the education, health, water supply income and wealth, agriculture, housing transportation and labour force sectors to rank districts of Pakistan in terms of the level of social and economic development. The paper demonstrates the importance of education… Read More

Research Report

Review of the Social Action Program

Review of the Social Action Program Read More

Research Report

The Provincial Budgets 1997-98

This report is a compilation of articles produced after the announcement of the provincial budgets. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the state of affairs and will be of some use to the readers. Read More

Research Report

Fiscal Decentralization: Lessons From the Asian Experience

The objective of this report is to describe the process of fiscal decentralization in a number of Asian countries. It covers areas of expenditure and service responsibility allocations, tax assignments, transfers to and access to borrowings by subnational governments. Best practices observed in these… Read More

Research Report

An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 1997-98

This report is a compilation of these articles. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the economy and the Budget of 1997-98 and will be of some use to readers. Social Policy and Development Centre, which focuses on policy analysis, in particular social sector policy,… Read More

Research Report

Growth of Public Debt and Debt Servicing in Pakistan

This report analyses the factors contributing to the growth of public debt and debt servicing in Pakistan, with the special focus on the impact of the financial sector reforms pursued in recent years, which have tended to increase the cost of domestic borrowings. The study presents a policy package… Read More

Research Report

Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning for Social Sectors in Pakistan

Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning for Social Sectors in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

An Evaluation of the Budget 1996-97

Budget in Pakistan, constitutes a statement of government’s fiscal priorities and policy objectives for the forthcoming year. At times major policy changes are announced which include changes in tariff rates, taxes, incentives etc., that have subsequent impacts on various segments in the economy.… Read More

Research Report

The World Summit for Social Development: Its Implications for Social Sector Development in Pakistan

The principal objective of the World Summit for Social Development held at Copenhagen in March 1995 was to prioritise social development in the development agendas of governments. Not only is social development seen as a goal in itself, but its importance is further emphasised by new theoretical… Read More

Research Report

Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan

The objectives of this report are two fold: first, determine the extent of variation among districts in the level of social development and second to examine in the spatial context for Pakistan how strong the relationship is between levels of economic and social development and what explains regional… Read More

Research Report

Continuation Rates in Primary Education: A Study of Pakistan

This report attempts to measure and explain these differentials between 1972 and 1993. It examines the relationship between rates of continuation class-wise for males and females and five factors: school availability, teacher availability, rate of urbanisation, per capita income and female literacy.… Read More

Research Report

National Finance Commission: 1995 - Inter-Governmental Revenue Sharing in Pakistan

SPDC has prepared this report in the context of the recently constituted National Finance Commission on federal revenue sharing transfers to the provincial governments. Provincial governments in Pakistan have the principal responsibility for delivery of social services like education, health, water… Read More

Research Report

A Study on Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Spending in the Social Sectors and Increasing Resource Mobilisation in the Provinces (5 volumes)

A Study on Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Spending in the Social Sectors and Increasing Resource Mobilisation in the Provinces (5 volumes) Read More

Research Report

Fiscal Policy in Pakistan

Fiscal Policy in Pakistan Read More

Research Report

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