Electronic, print, and social media, along with international agencies and academia, have all highlighted a considerable increase in Pakistan’s poor population, mostly due to the difficult economic… Read More
LATEST PUBLICATIONS
Pakistan stands at a critical crossroads, poised to make a significant leap into the digital era. The 'URAAN Pakistan–National Economic Transformation Plan (2024-2029)' articulates a… Read More
Pakistan faces an ongoing debate regarding the illicit tobacco trade. Tobacco industry leaders assert that high taxes promote illegal trade because of insufficient tax enforcement. This argument has… Read More
Social Dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals
The main focus of the study is to evaluate the social dimensions of SDGs in terms of data gaps and propose a set of preliminary national indicators for tracking the status of selected SDGs, including no poverty, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality and reduced inequalities.… Read More
Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Social Development in Urban Pakistan
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Social Development in Urban Pakistan
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Social Development in Rural Pakistan
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Social Development in Rural Pakistan
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Devolution and Social Development
Social Development in Pakistan: Devolution and Social Development
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Social Impact of the Security Crisis
Social Development in Pakistan: Social Impact of the Security Crisis
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Women at Work
Social Development in Pakistan: Women at Work
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Devolution and Human Development in Pakistan
Social Development in Pakistan: Devolution and Human Development in Pakistan
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Trade Liberalization Growth and Poverty
Social Development in Pakistan: Trade Liberalization Growth and Poverty
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Combating Poverty: Is Growth Sufficient?
Social Development in Pakistan: Combating Poverty: Is Growth Sufficient?
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Education
Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Education
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Growth Inequality and Poverty
Social Development in Pakistan: Growth Inequality and Poverty
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Towards Poverty Reduction
Social Development in Pakistan: Towards Poverty Reduction
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan: Social Development in Economic Crisis
Social Development in Pakistan: Social Development in Economic Crisis
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Annual Review
Social Development in Pakistan
Social Development in Pakistan
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Annual Review
Empirical Evidence of Upsurge in the Poverty Numbers: Pakistan, 2025 Scenario
Electronic, print, and social media, along with international agencies and academia, have all highlighted a considerable increase in Pakistan’s poor population, mostly due to the difficult economic situation and domestic inflation reaching multi-decade highs, especially during the periods 2020-21… Read More
Research Report
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BA-HIMMAT BUZURG PROGRAMME - 2024
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BA-HIMMAT BUZURG PROGRAMME - 2024
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Research Report
An Analysis of the Tobacco Market in Jordan: A Household Survey
The heavy consumption of tobacco products in Jordan poses significant public health and economic challenges, as highlighted by our household smoker pack examination survey. With one of the highest smoking prevalence rates globally, Jordan faces a public health crisis, which is exacerbated by affordable… Read More
Research Report
Consumption Behaviour of Cigarette Smokers in Pakistan - The 2023 Survey
This report presents findings from a nationwide survey conducted in Pakistan. The survey, which was conducted between October and December 2023, is highly relevant as it assesses the impact of the cigarette tax increase in February 2023 on the consumption patterns of cigarette smokers. It covered… Read More
Research Report
Pakistan’s Economic Outlook and the Federal Budget 2023-24
Pakistan's economy is confronted with a severe economic crisis, which is characterized by high levels of inflation, low economic activity, low foreign reserves, a depreciating currency, and enormous public finance imbalances. The prevailing political uncertainty is further contributing to the… Read More
Research Report
Survey Report: Consumption Behaviour of Cigarette Smokers in Pakistan
The main objective of this research is to study the consumption patterns of cigarette smokers. The survey provides information on the price and non-price drivers of cigarette consumption behaviour and explores the impact of price changes on consumption. The study is based on a survey of households… Read More
Research Report
Estimating the Under-Reporting of Cigarette Production in Pakistan
Tobacco taxation is a widely-used policy tool to reduce tobacco consumption globally. In Pakistan, however, policy makers have fallen short of tapping the full potential of cigarette taxation, and inefficiencies in the tax collection system persist. The national tax collection agency, the Federal… Read More
Research Report
Making Economic Hubs Thrive: A Case for Fiscal and Administrative Devolution in Sindh
Industrial and commercial clusters in and around cities provide for the environment, necessary for rapid economic growth and high generation of revenues for running the business of the State. The density of the population, the knowledge spillover, the competitive environment and the economies of… Read More
Research Report
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF CIGARETTE TAXATION IN PAKISTAN: An Exploration through A CGE Model
The macroeconomic impacts of tobacco taxation is an under-researched subject in Pakistan. The lack of empirical evidence often leads to an inflated perception of the size and contribution of the tobacco industry to the economy. This study analyzes the macroeconomic and distributional impacts of the… Read More
Research Report
Educational Status of Pakistan: Pre- and Post-18th Amendment Scenario
The 18th Constitutional Amendment 2010 introduced significant changes with regard to the devolution of powers to sub-national governments, having a direct bearing on the education sector. In this context, an attempt is made in this research to analyze the performance of provincial governments in… Read More
Research Report
The Crowding Out Effect of Tobacco Spending in Pakistan
Pakistan is a high-tobacco-burden country where more than 29 million adults use tobacco in some form, and tobacco expenditures constitute a sizeable portion of household budgets. Tobacco expenditure occurs at the cost of spending on necessities such as basic food, health, education, and housing.… Read More
Research Report
Interactive Dialogues on Countering Violent Extremism - The Composite Report
SPDC envisioned a consultative process for discussion and knowledge production on violent extremism particular to Sindh province. Recognizing the dearth of context-specific, localized research, it aimed for a series of dialogues as a first step; a rapid appraisal of the on-ground situation to flag… Read More
Research Report
The Impact of Tobacco Use on Household Consumption Patterns in Pakistan
This study is the first attempt to estimate the impact of tobacco use on consumption patterns of households in Pakistan and complements existing work on the crowding out effect of tobacco expenditures in developing economies. It also explores how reductions in tobacco expenditure affect intra-household… Read More
Research Report
Quantifying the Potential Tax Base of Cigarette Industry in Pakistan
Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable death particularly in developing world. Pakistan is not an exception, where the prevalence of tobacco use has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Globally, tobacco taxation is considered one of the crucial elements of tobacco… Read More
Research Report
Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Summary Report
Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Summary Report
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Research Report
Trade and Compliance of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chain
Trade and Compliance of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chain
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Research Report
A Study of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in India and Pakistan
A Study of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in India and Pakistan
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Research Report
Smoothing Sporadic Estimates of Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan
Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the… Read More
Research Report
The 2017 Census of Pakistan: Analyses of Results - Volume 1
The 2017 Census of Pakistan: Analyses of Results - Volume 1
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Research Report
Macroeconomic Impacts of Tobacco Use in Pakistan
Macroeconomic Impacts of Tobacco Use in Pakistan
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Research Report
Strengthening Fiscal Federalism in Pakistan
Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the… Read More
Research Report
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment with regard to Social Protection
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment with regard to Social Protection
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Research Report
Poverty and Vulnerability Estimates: Pakistan 2016
The main objective of this research is to provide poverty and vulnerability statistics estimated from the latest available Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data. Poverty estimates show that close to 38 percent population of Pakistan was living below the poverty line during the year 2015-16.… Read More
Research Report
Explaining Spousal Physical Violence through Dimensions of Women Empowerment: Evidence from Pakistan
This research investigates whether women's empowerment, defined alternatively protects women against spousal physical violence. Nationally representative data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13 is used to quantify the nature and direction of relationship between dimensions of women’s… Read More
Research Report
Political Economy of Social Development in Pakistan
Political Economy of Social Development in Pakistan
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Research Report
Citizens’ Perceptions of Urban Public Services
Urban citizens’ perception survey on public service delivery was conducted by the Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) in 2015. The purpose of the survey was to get opinion of public service users regarding access, quality and reliability of service provision; problems encountered and… Read More
Research Report
Implications of Implementing SDGs at the National Level: A Case of Pakistan
Implications of Implementing SDGs at the National Level: A Case of Pakistan
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Research Report
State of the Economy: An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2015- 16
State of the Economy: An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2015- 16
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Research Report
Growth and Income Inequality Effects on Poverty: The Case of Pakistan (1988-2011)
This research assesses the distributional characteristics of growth in Pakistan by applying statistical techniques suggested in the empirical literature on poverty and income inequality. An attempt is also made to determine the relative contribution of economic growth and distribution of income to… Read More
Research Report
Determinants of Child Schooling Work and Idleness: The Case of the Punjab Province
This paper analyses the determinants of child activity with regard to schooling, working or neither schooling nor working in the age cohort 5-14 years. Primary data of the Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2010-11 has been used for this study. The objective of the study… Read More
Research Report
Health and Educational Status of Children: An Exploration through a Gender Lens
The health and educational status of children with respect to undernourishment (underweight, stunting and wasting), mortality (IMR and CMR) and out-of-school children in age cohort 5-14 years are quantified across gender and across household multidimensional poverty status. Multiple Indicator Cluster… Read More
Research Report
Gender and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Study of Disaster Prone Areas in Sindh
Gender and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Study of Disaster Prone Areas in Sindh
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Research Report
Profiling Rural Pakistan for Poverty Inequality and Social Exclusion
The study documents the extent and spread of poverty in rural Pakistan using two different approaches to define and measure population living in distress and deprivation. In addition, social exclusion is assessed by developing the geographical Indices of Multiple Derivations. Income inequality… Read More
Research Report
School Participation in Rural Pakistan: A Situation Analysis
The study highlights the major characteristics of schooling in rural Pakistan by providing a situation analysis in terms of access, equality and quality of education. A cohort-wise analysis for primary (5-9 age cohort) and secondary (10-14 age cohort) levels is carried out to look at the prevailing… Read More
Research Report
Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Gender-Sensitive Education Financing
Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Gender-Sensitive Education Financing
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Research Report
Predicting Sub-National Poverty Incidence for Pakistan
This research note provides sub-national estimates of monetary poverty with the help of information available in two household surveys conducted during 2010-11. Data of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) are combined to produce… Read More
Research Report
Gender Dimensions in Rural Non-farm Employment in Pakistan
Gender Dimensions in Rural Non-farm Employment in Pakistan
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Research Report
State of the Economy: An Ambitious Budget 2013-14
State of the Economy: An Ambitious Budget 2013-14
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Research Report
The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Karachi
The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Karachi
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Research Report
Gender Dimensions of Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Case of Lyari Expressway in Karachi
Gender Dimensions of Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Case of Lyari Expressway in Karachi
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Research Report
Pakistan Poverty Statistics: Estimates for 2011
This research paper provides poverty statistics estimated from the latest available household survey data. The estimates show that an overall 38 percent of the population was poor according to the methodology adopted for this study during the year 2010-11. The incidence, depth and severity of rural… Read More
Research Report
An Exploratory Analysis of Inter-Temporal Multidimensional Poverty
The approach to measure poverty in terms of financial deprivation has been widely criticised in the literature of welfare and well-being. It is argued that to understand the complex phenomenon of poverty or to evaluate household or individual well-being, a multidimensional exercise is imperative.… Read More
Research Report
Districts' Indices of Multiple Deprivations for Pakistan-2011
This study analyses disparities among provinces and districts for the years 2011, 2009 and 2005 with respect to household socio-economic deprivations and could be used as a reliable base for provincial and district development policies. Analysis presented in this study is based on 17 variables, arranged… Read More
Research Report
Has civil society failed in Pakistan?
Has civil society failed in Pakistan?
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Research Report
Gender Dimensions of Social Safety Nets: The Case of Zakat Recipients in Pakistan
Gender Dimensions of Social Safety Nets: The Case of Zakat Recipients in Pakistan
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Research Report
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Female- Headed Households in Pakistan Baseline Survey
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Female- Headed Households in Pakistan Baseline Survey
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Research Report
Trade Liberalisation and Gender Dynamics of Employment in Pakistan
Trade Liberalisation and Gender Dynamics of Employment in Pakistan
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Research Report
Public Spending on Education and Health in Pakistan: A Dynamic Investigation through Gender Lens
Public Spending on Education and Health in Pakistan: A Dynamic Investigation through Gender Lens
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Research Report
A Profile of Social Protection in Pakistan: An Appraisal of Empirical Literature
The consensus developed in various studies on social protection is that there is no clearly articulated government social protection framework. Various social security schemes and cash assistance programs are developed largely as a series of adhoc responses to problems raised by particular circumstances… Read More
Research Report
Assessing Vulnerability to Poverty: Evidence from Pakistan
The paper assesses the extent of household vulnerability to poverty in Pakistan. Preferably, household panel data of sufficient length is used to measure the incidence of vulnerability. However this data is rare in developing countries and if available is not nationally or regionally representative.… Read More
Research Report
Estimation of Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan
This study is the first attempt to quantify the extent of multidimensional poverty in the context of Pakistan. It involves developing multidimensional poverty indices (headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity) and comparing them with the traditional income approach. It has been estimated, using… Read More
Research Report
Understanding Rural Poverty Dynamics: The Case of the Poorest District of Sindh Pakistan
This research focuses on changes in the poverty status of rural households to explore the main determinants of upward and downward income and poverty mobility. The study uses panel survey data for District Badin, which is among the poorest districts of the Sindh province. Households interviewed earlier… Read More
Research Report
Exploring the Impact of Microfinance in Pakistan
Much of the impetus behind the large and increasing support from national governments, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and donor agencies for microfinance, hinges on the assumption that its economic and social impacts are significant. However, this needs to be examined more closely. This study… Read More
Research Report
State of the Economy: Fiscal Policy Choices in Budget 2008-09
State of the Economy: Fiscal Policy Choices in Budget 2008-09
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Research Report
Pay Offs to Schooling and Returns to Credentials
This paper uses Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2004-2005 to examine labour market earnings. The earning function controls for educational qualifications in addition to years of schooling and other conventional correlates. The estimated returns to additional years of… Read More
Research Report
The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade
The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade
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Research Report
Trends in Regional Human Development Indices
The purpose of this research is to highlight changes in human development status of districts of Pakistan during the period between 1998 and 2005. The standard summary measure, Human Development Index (HDI) proposed by UNDP, is applied at the district level. District HDIs, estimated for both periods… Read More
Research Report
Indices of Multiple Deprivations 2005
The objective of this research is to update district-wise Indices of Multiple Deprivations 1998, using the latest available data of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005 (PSLM, 2005). The period from 1998 to 2005, offers an opportunity to evaluate performance of the present… Read More
Research Report
Education Status of Districts: An Exploration of Inter-Temporal Changes
This research appraises inter-temporal educational status for the period 1998- 2005. Access and inequality is measured through the District Education Index (DEI). DEI is a composite index and includes enrollments at various levels as well as literacy rates. Two data sources are used for this exercise:… Read More
Research Report
Income Poverty at District Level: An Application of Small Area Estimation Technique
The objective of this research is to provide estimates of income poverty at the district level with the help of information available in household surveys; PSLM and HIES 2004-05. Both surveys are combined to produce poverty measures at district level using small area estimation technique. The technique… Read More
Research Report
Updating Poverty and Inequality Estimates: 2005 Panorama
Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) keeps track records of intertemporal changes in poverty incidence by using the consistent methodology for defining and computing national and regional poverty lines and poverty incidences. This research paper provides latest estimates of poverty for the… Read More
Research Report
Gender Inequality and Trade Liberalization: A Case Study of Pakistan
The main focus of this study undertaken by the authorsis to explore the impact of trade liberalization on gender inequalities in Pakistan. The overall gender inequality based on three dimensions, including labour market, education and health facilities, are analyzed in this paper using data from… Read More
Research Report
Determinants of Recent Inflation in Pakistan
The expansionary economic policies of the government and of the central bank (State Bank of Pakistan – SBP), which on one side resulted in impressive economic performance, stimulated a rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) on the other. This initiated a debate on the determinants of the recent… Read More
Research Report
Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan
This paper tries to highlight the effect of fiscal policy, monetary policy and other economic measures on TFP in Pakistan. Analyzing TFP in Pakistan by using recent data is important for two reasons. First, in the past few years, Pakistan has been experiencing very high growth in the region and it… Read More
Research Report
Estimating the Black Economy through Monetary Approach: A Case Study of Pakistan
In recent years, the ‘black economy’ has held enormous appeal for policy makers. The presence of the black economy creates critical misrepresentation of macroeconomic variables in official estimates which lead to false determination and delusional impact of economic policies. Similarly,… Read More
Research Report
State of the Economy: Growing Macroeconomic Imbalances
The Review represents the efforts of SPDC to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It points out the improvements in economic performance and an increase in the economy's sustainable rate of growth over the past few years, which are in part a result of the… Read More
Research Report
Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973-2000
Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973-2000
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Research Report
The Economy in the Aftermath of the Earthquake
In this study, we use simulations from the Social Policy and Development Centre’s large-scale empirical model of Pakistan’s economy to quantify the economic losses resulting from the devastating earthquake that hit the country on October 8, 2005. We then use the model to trace the path… Read More
Research Report
State of the Economy: An Overheating Economy
The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It highlights the impressive growth performance and the Government's role in achieving that. But it also emphasizes that some signs of overheating and stress are now emerging in the economy… Read More
Research Report
Cancer: Social Social Implications of Treatment and Financial Burden
The purpose of the study was to assess the high cost of cancer and depletion of assets of the patients suffering from cancer. The investigations were conducted with the guidance from oncologists and other health professionals. The objectives of the study were: to estimate and highlight the cost of… Read More
Research Report
Province-Wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation
This report is motivated to fill the gap in policy analysis by estimating the human capital index (HCI) at the provincial level from 1982-83 to 2001-02. The accumulated human capital is estimated using the Labourincome based methodology. The index is computed for the three sectors of the economy:… Read More
Research Report
In Search of Poverty Predictors: The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan
The main objective of this research exercise is to provide correlates of household consumption or poverty using the latest household survey. The estimated coefficients and their weights may be used to predict poverty incidence from light monitoring survey such as Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire… Read More
Research Report
Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan's Poverty Trends
The paper explores the linkages between poverty, growth and inequality in the context of Pakistan. Time series macro data are used for the period 1979 to 2002. Consistent poverty and inequality measures are interpolated to facilitate the estimation of poverty elasticity with respect to growth and… Read More
Research Report
State of the Economy: A Shift towards Growth
The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but also identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and where policy shifts are called for. And in line with SPDC’s perspective, the… Read More
Research Report
Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Historical Background
The Working Papers provide a vehicle for the initial dissemination of the work of the project to a wide range of audience including policy makers, scholars, development practitioners, policy analysts, international donor organizations and country-wide or regional nonprofit organizations. Working… Read More
Research Report
Zakat As A Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impact
Zakat As A Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impact
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Research Report
Microfinancing: Fighting Against Poverty
Microfinancing: Fighting Against Poverty
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Research Report
Pakistan's External Debt Burden: Causes Complexities and Remedies
Pakistan's External Debt Burden: Causes Complexities and Remedies
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Research Report
State of the Economy: Behind the Aggregates
The report is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but cautions against certain misleading and, consequently, overly optimistic judgements. It identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and… Read More
Research Report
Poverty and Inequality During the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys
This paper investigates the dynamics of poverty and inequality in Pakistan over the period 1988-1999. The year 1988 was the year of the first formal Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) from the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, this analysis facilitates the debate regarding the impact of SAL on household… Read More
Research Report
Impact of Ownership and Concentration of Land on Schooling: The Case of Rural Punjab
The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how ‘landlordism’ (land concentration and landlessness) impede education attainments and consequently, increase poverty and income inequality. The study is based on the latest data of the Agricultural Census (2000) for Punjab1 province, which… Read More
Research Report
Mapping the Spatial Deprivation of Pakistan
Geographical targeting may be a viable way to allocate resources for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Efficiency can be increased and leakages to the non-poor reduced substantially by targeting needy areas. A national and regional database of substantial poverty maps or deprivation indices… Read More
Research Report
Price and Income Effects on Urban Undernutrition
This paper estimates the extent of undernutrition in urban Pakistan in terms of calorie consumption after controlling heterogeneity in household characteristics. It also evaluates the sensitivity of price and income shocks on incidence, depth and severity of undernutrition. Approximately 27 percent… Read More
Research Report
Private Returns to Education: Evidence for Pakistan
The study provides estimates of the private return to education in Pakistan. A Mincerian earning function is estimated using the latest available household survey data of 2001-02. Inter-provincial, inter-sectoral and inter-regional variations in earning and educational attainment are explored. The… Read More
Research Report
Returns to Education: The Case of Fertility
The purpose of this research is to observe the impact of the individual and aggregate-level education on the fertility rate. The empirical investigation has been extended to observe the determinants of fertility using aggregate district data. The estimated coefficients of the macro fertility model… Read More
Research Report
The Changing Profile of Regional Inequality
There is a growing concern, in developing and transition economies that spatial and regional inequality, of economic activity, incomes and social indicators, is on the increase. Regional inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions… Read More
Research Report
The Knowledge Divide: Education Inequality in Pakistan
As economic activity becomes increasingly knowledge based, disparities in educational opportunity play a more important role in determining the distribution of income and poverty. A greater equity in the distribution of educational opportunities enables the poor to capture a larger share of the benefits… Read More
Research Report
Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues
Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues
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Research Report
Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan
Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan
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Research Report
Cost of Living Index by City of Pakistan
Cost of Living Index by City of Pakistan
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Research Report
_From_Head_of_Account_To_Department_Basis-RR-42.png)
Recasting Sindh Budget (Expenditures) From 'Head of Account' To 'Department' Basis
Recasting Sindh Budget (Expenditures) From 'Head of Account' To 'Department' Basis
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Research Report
Law and the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan
The objectives of this study are to: document the size, scope, internal structure, finance and legal position of the nonprofit sector in the country; examine the relations between the nonprofit sector and government and identify the ways in which this relationship can be improved; to improve public… Read More
Research Report
The Slowing Down of the Growth of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan
This paper quantifies the trend in TFP in Pakistan over the 25 years period, 1972-73 and 1997- 98. This leads to the conclusion that a significant part of the decline in growth rate during the decade of the 90s is also due to a slowing down of the growth in TFP and not just because of a lower level… Read More
Research Report
Impact of the Afghan War on the Economy: Options for Pakistan
Impact of the Afghan War on the Economy: Options for Pakistan
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Research Report
Stabilization vs Growth: Federal Budget 2001-02
Stabilization vs Growth: Federal Budget 2001-02
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Research Report
Incidence of Income Poverty in Pakistan
Incidence of Income Poverty in Pakistan
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Research Report
Credit to the Poor: Consultations with Borrowers
The paper reflects the views of loan recipients of the National Rural Support Program and Orangi Pilot Project B two leading microfinance institutions in rural and urban areas respectively. Focus Group Discussion and detailed individual case studies were conducted to evaluate these programs in terms… Read More
Research Report
Evaluation of Social Safety Nets in Pakistan
Evaluation of Social Safety Nets in Pakistan
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Research Report
Elements of Good Economic Governance
Elements of Good Economic Governance
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Research Report
Alternative Delivery Mechanisms for Social Services: Some Case Studies from Pakistan
Alternative Delivery Mechanisms for Social Services: Some Case Studies from Pakistan Read More
Research Report
Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2000-01
The Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) has a tradition of bringing out a Research Report every year containing analysis of the proposals for expenditure and taxation in the Federal Budget from the viewpoint of their impact on the economy and people of Pakistan. This year’s report contains… Read More
Research Report
Public-Private Partnerships in the Health Sector
This report presents general guidelines for preparing a case study of public-private partnership in the health sector. Based on the guidelines, a case study is undertaken in partnership between a private medical college and a public hospital in the city of Abbottabad in NWFP. This case study… Read More
Research Report
Macroeconomic Developments and Poverty
The paper deals with the impact of macroeconomic developments on the incidence of poverty and offers an explanation as to why poverty fell sharply in the decade of 80s and has tended to increase significantly in the 90s. It develops a set of medium term (upto 2002- 03) macroeconomic projections which… Read More
Research Report
A Medium-Term Macroeconomic Framework for Pakistan
This paper is based on the work done by the Macroeconomic Framework Sub-Group of the Economic Advisory Board of which the author was the Convenor. Projections made by the Sub-Group have been revised in light of recent numbers and in response to comments received from members of EAB in the meeting… Read More
Research Report
Social Impact of Economic Crisis: Lessons for Pakistan
Social Impact of Economic Crisis: Lessons for Pakistan
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Research Report
Impact of Economic Adjustment on Social Development in Pakistan
Impact of Economic Adjustment on Social Development in Pakistan
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Research Report
Modeling Poverty Trends in Pakistan: Some Additional Empirical Evidence
Modeling Poverty Trends in Pakistan: Some Additional Empirical Evidence
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Research Report
The 1998 Population Census
The 1998 Population Census
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Research Report
Evaluation of the Federal Budget 1999 2000
This report contains seven articles on various aspects of the Budget of 1999-2000, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope that government officials, private sector, members of NGOs and civil society at large will find this report useful in understanding the implications of the Budget. … Read More
Research Report
Analysis of Provincial Budgets 1999-2000
This report contains nine articles on various aspects of the Budgets of the four provincial governments in 999-2000, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope that government officials, private sector, members of NGOs and civil society at large will find this report useful in understanding the implications… Read More
Research Report
Gender Inequality in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan
The purpose of this paper is to quantity the extent of gender inequality in access to social and economic opportunity in Pakistan and to analyse its determinants. Analysis shows a high degree of gender inequality in Pakistan. This is largely a consequence of inequality in labour force participation… Read More
Research Report
Essays on the Federal Budget 1998 99
This report compiles a dozen essays relating to the state of the economy, budgetary trends, accuracy of budgetary proposals, evaluation of the taxation proposals, development priorities and the macro economic impact of the budget on growth, inflation, savings and investments, external sector, poverty… Read More
Research Report
Decentralised Governance of Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority
The research has identified the changes made by SKAA in its lease granting and development procedures. This has consisted primarily of decentralisation of the process of decision making, whereby the authority of granting leases which was originally centralised at the top in the Director General himself… Read More
Research Report
Social and Economic Ranking of Districts of Pakistan
The report has used 37 indicators relating to the education, health, water supply income and wealth, agriculture, housing transportation and labour force sectors to rank districts of Pakistan in terms of the level of social and economic development. The paper demonstrates the importance of education… Read More
Research Report
Review of the Social Action Program
Review of the Social Action Program
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Research Report
The Provincial Budgets 1997-98
This report is a compilation of articles produced after the announcement of the provincial budgets. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the state of affairs and will be of some use to the readers.
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Research Report
Fiscal Decentralization: Lessons From the Asian Experience
The objective of this report is to describe the process of fiscal decentralization in a number of Asian countries. It covers areas of expenditure and service responsibility allocations, tax assignments, transfers to and access to borrowings by subnational governments. Best practices observed in these… Read More
Research Report
An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 1997-98
This report is a compilation of these articles. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the economy and the Budget of 1997-98 and will be of some use to readers. Social Policy and Development Centre, which focuses on policy analysis, in particular social sector policy,… Read More
Research Report
Growth of Public Debt and Debt Servicing in Pakistan
This report analyses the factors contributing to the growth of public debt and debt servicing in Pakistan, with the special focus on the impact of the financial sector reforms pursued in recent years, which have tended to increase the cost of domestic borrowings. The study presents a policy package… Read More
Research Report
Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning for Social Sectors in Pakistan
Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning for Social Sectors in Pakistan
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Research Report
An Evaluation of the Budget 1996-97
Budget in Pakistan, constitutes a statement of government’s fiscal priorities and policy objectives for the forthcoming year. At times major policy changes are announced which include changes in tariff rates, taxes, incentives etc., that have subsequent impacts on various segments in the economy.… Read More
Research Report
The World Summit for Social Development: Its Implications for Social Sector Development in Pakistan
The principal objective of the World Summit for Social Development held at Copenhagen in March 1995 was to prioritise social development in the development agendas of governments. Not only is social development seen as a goal in itself, but its importance is further emphasised by new theoretical… Read More
Research Report
Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan
The objectives of this report are two fold: first, determine the extent of variation among districts in the level of social development and second to examine in the spatial context for Pakistan how strong the relationship is between levels of economic and social development and what explains regional… Read More
Research Report
Continuation Rates in Primary Education: A Study of Pakistan
This report attempts to measure and explain these differentials between 1972 and 1993. It examines the relationship between rates of continuation class-wise for males and females and five factors: school availability, teacher availability, rate of urbanisation, per capita income and female literacy.… Read More
Research Report
National Finance Commission: 1995 - Inter-Governmental Revenue Sharing in Pakistan
SPDC has prepared this report in the context of the recently constituted National Finance Commission on federal revenue sharing transfers to the provincial governments. Provincial governments in Pakistan have the principal responsibility for delivery of social services like education, health, water… Read More
Research Report
Integrated Social Policy and Macro Economic Planning Model for Pakistan
Integrated Social Policy and Macro Economic Planning Model for Pakistan
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Research Report
Optimal Enrollment and Cost Effective Expenditures for Public School System
Optimal Enrollment and Cost Effective Expenditures for Public School System
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Research Report
Optimal Mix of Health Sector Expenditure
Optimal Mix of Health Sector Expenditure
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Research Report
Data Base Development for Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Model
Data Base Development for Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Model
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Research Report
Specification of Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Planning Model
Specification of Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Planning Model
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Research Report
A Study on Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Spending in the Social Sectors and Increasing Resource Mobilisation in the Provinces (5 volumes)
A Study on Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Spending in the Social Sectors and Increasing Resource Mobilisation in the Provinces (5 volumes)
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Research Report
Fiscal Policy in Pakistan
Fiscal Policy in Pakistan
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Research Report
Neo-Liberal Governance and Poverty in Pakistan
Neo-Liberal Governance and Poverty in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Challenges and Responses for Democracy and Security: Pakistan's Perspective
Challenges and Responses for Democracy and Security: Pakistan's Perspective Read More
Conference Paper
How External Shocks and Exchange Rate Depreciations Affect Pakistan? Implications for Choice of an Exchange Rate Regime
How External Shocks and Exchange Rate Depreciations Affect Pakistan? Implications for Choice of an Exchange Rate Regime Read More
Conference Paper
Agricultural Terms of Trade in Pakistan: Issues of Profitability and Standard of Living of the Farmers
Agricultural Terms of Trade in Pakistan: Issues of Profitability and Standard of Living of the Farmers Read More
Conference Paper
Is Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector Competitive?
Is Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector Competitive? Read More
Conference Paper
The Plight of Working Mothers in Pakistan: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Joint Family System
The Plight of Working Mothers in Pakistan: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Joint Family System
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Conference Paper
Macroeconomic Reforms and Return to Human Capital in Pakistan
Macroeconomic Reforms and Return to Human Capital in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Burden of Stabilization on Provinces and Its Implication on Social Sectors
Burden of Stabilization on Provinces and Its Implication on Social Sectors Read More
Conference Paper
Macroeconomic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis
Macroeconomic Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis Read More
Conference Paper
Budgets and Fiscal Decentralization: A Case Study of Sindh
Budgets and Fiscal Decentralization: A Case Study of Sindh Read More
Conference Paper
Is Female Illiteracy a Determinant for Child Malnutrition: An Analyses of Developing Countries
Is Female Illiteracy a Determinant for Child Malnutrition: An Analyses of Developing Countries Read More
Conference Paper
Tax Holidays Cost of Capital and Investment Behaviour: Jorgenson Approach
Tax Holidays Cost of Capital and Investment Behaviour: Jorgenson Approach Read More
Conference Paper
Why Private Investment in Pakistan has Collapsed and how can it be Restored
Why Private Investment in Pakistan has Collapsed and how can it be Restored Read More
Conference Paper
Hidden Subsidies
Hidden Subsidies Read More
Conference Paper
Gender and Public Spending on Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Disaggregated Benefit Incidence
Gender and Public Spending on Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Disaggregated Benefit Incidence Read More
Conference Paper
Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues
Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues Read More
Conference Paper
The Income Tax Regime and the Non-Profit Sector: The Case of Pakistan
The Income Tax Regime and the Non-Profit Sector: The Case of Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Districts Level of Development as Push and Pull Factor in Inter- District Migration in Pakistan
Districts Level of Development as Push and Pull Factor in Inter- District Migration in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
The Long run and Short run Impact of Exchange Rate Devaluation on Pakistan's Trade Performance
The Long run and Short run Impact of Exchange Rate Devaluation on Pakistan's Trade Performance Read More
Conference Paper
Crowding Out Hypothesis in a Vector Error Correction Framework: A Case Study of Pakistan
Crowding Out Hypothesis in a Vector Error Correction Framework: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Dynamic Consequences of the1997 National Finance Commission Award: Provincial Social Sector Expenditures
Dynamic Consequences of the1997 National Finance Commission Award: Provincial Social Sector Expenditures Read More
Conference Paper
Political Economy of Fiscal Reforms in the 1990s
Political Economy of Fiscal Reforms in the 1990s Read More
Conference Paper
Stabilization Policy vs Growth Oriented Policy: Implication for the Pakistan Economy
Stabilization Policy vs Growth Oriented Policy: Implication for the Pakistan Economy Read More
Conference Paper
Internal Migration: The Case of Sindh Province
Internal Migration: The Case of Sindh Province Read More
Conference Paper
Governance, Decentralisation and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan
Governance, Decentralisation and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Devolution and Fiscal Decentralisation
Devolution and Fiscal Decentralisation Read More
Conference Paper
Some Issues of Governance in Pakistan
Some Issues of Governance in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Brief on Annual Review of SPDC for 2000 on Towards Poverty Reduction
Brief on Annual Review of SPDC for 2000 on Towards Poverty Reduction Read More
Conference Paper
Policy Research and Its Implementation: Pakistan and Canada
Policy Research and Its Implementation: Pakistan and Canada Read More
Conference Paper
Issues in Institutional Reform for Devolution
Issues in Institutional Reform for Devolution Read More
Conference Paper
Public Expenditure Reform
Public Expenditure Reform Read More
Conference Paper
Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation
Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation Read More
Conference Paper
Social Sector Policies Under SAP
Social Sector Policies Under SAP Read More
Conference Paper
Impediments to Social Development in Pakistan
Impediments to Social Development in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
An Econometric Evaluation of Pakistan's National Education Policy 1998-2010
An Econometric Evaluation of Pakistan's National Education Policy 1998-2010 Read More
Conference Paper
Pakistan's Ranking in Social Development: Have We Always Been Backward
Pakistan's Ranking in Social Development: Have We Always Been Backward Read More
Conference Paper
Impediments to Improvement of Social Sectors in Pakistan
Impediments to Improvement of Social Sectors in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Gender Differentials in the Cost of Primary Education: A Study of Pakistan
Gender Differentials in the Cost of Primary Education: A Study of Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Integrated Social-Sector Macroeconomic Model for Pakistan
Integrated Social-Sector Macroeconomic Model for Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan
Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
The City of Karachi: Planning and Managing for Urban
The City of Karachi: Planning and Managing for Urban Read More
Conference Paper
Sustainability of Public Debt in Pakistan
Sustainability of Public Debt in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Has Poverty Returned to Pakistan?
Has Poverty Returned to Pakistan? Read More
Conference Paper
Improved Health Status and Economic Growth: Some Co- integration Results from Developing Economies
Improved Health Status and Economic Growth: Some Co- integration Results from Developing Economies Read More
Conference Paper
Is There a Long-Run Relationship Between Economic Growth and Human Development? Some Cross Country Evidence from Developing Countries
Is There a Long-Run Relationship Between Economic Growth and Human Development? Some Cross Country Evidence from Developing Countries Read More
Conference Paper
Determinants of Rates of Octroi Tax in Pakistan
Determinants of Rates of Octroi Tax in Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Municipal Finance in Small Cities
Municipal Finance in Small Cities Read More
Conference Paper
Financial Development of Megacities
Financial Development of Megacities Read More
Conference Paper
Is Public Sector Investment Productive? Some Evidence from Pakistan
Is Public Sector Investment Productive? Some Evidence from Pakistan Read More
Conference Paper
Results of Policy Simulations
Results of Policy Simulations Read More
Conference Paper
Software Development and Use of the Model
Software Development and Use of the Model Read More
Conference Paper
Specification of the Integrated Social Policy Macro Economic Model
Specification of the Integrated Social Policy Macro Economic Model Read More
Conference Paper
Overview of Integrated Revenue and Expenditure Planning Model for Social Sectors
Overview of Integrated Revenue and Expenditure Planning Model for Social Sectors Read More
Conference Paper
Development of Property Taxation
Development of Property Taxation Read More
Conference Paper
Prospects of Resource Mobilisation by the Provincial Governments
Prospects of Resource Mobilisation by the Provincial Governments Read More
Conference Paper
Is the Social Action Programme (SAP) in Pakistan Financially Sustainable?
Is the Social Action Programme (SAP) in Pakistan Financially Sustainable? Read More
Conference Paper
Expenditure Planning Issues
Expenditure Planning Issues Read More
Conference Paper
Local Government Resource Mobilisation
Local Government Resource Mobilisation Read More
Conference Paper
Local Government Resource Mobilisation
Local Government Resource Mobilisation Read More
Conference Paper
Problems in Resource Mobilisation in Punjab
Problems in Resource Mobilisation in Punjab Read More
Conference Paper
Provincial Government Resource Mobilisation in Punjab
Provincial Government Resource Mobilisation in Punjab Read More
Conference Paper
Investment Strategy and Expenditure Requirements for Social Development
Investment Strategy and Expenditure Requirements for Social Development Read More
Conference Paper
The Implementation Environment of the Social Action Programme
The Implementation Environment of the Social Action Programme Read More
Conference Paper
Pakistan Tobacco Fact Sheet 2025
Higher Taxes Needed to Make Cigarettes Less Affordable and Increase Revenue
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Research and Policy Brief
Pakistan struggles to make progress on Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a global agenda adopted by countries of the world in 2015 to address key development challenges and achieve sustainable development by 2030. Although progress varies significantly across countries and regions, the 2024 assessment suggests that the… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Policy Brief - The Extent of Illicit Trade of Cigarettes in Pakistan
The illicit tobacco trade is a contentious issue in Pakistan, with the government concerned about lost revenue due to tax evasion and the industry arguing that high taxes lead to increased illicit due to lax tax administration. This debate has recently intensified, with the industry… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Finance Act 2024: Implications of Cigarette Tax Policy
Even though the Government of Pakistan was under tremendous pressure to increase taxes in various sectors to generate additional revenue for financing the fiscal deficit in the fiscal year 2024-25, it surprisingly spared the cigarette industry from any tax hike. The Finance Act 2024 passed by the… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Cigarette tax hike in Pakistan resulted in reduced consumption and a shift towards cheaper brands
In response to public health concerns surrounding high smoking prevalence, the Pakistani government enacted a substantial increase in the Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes during the fiscal year 2022-23. This policy intervention, with the most notable rise of around 150 percent occurring in… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Federal Budget 2024-25: An Overview of Strategies and Priorities
Federal Budget 2024-25: An Overview of Strategies and Priorities The federal budget for fiscal year 2024-25 has been presented against the backdrop of a moderately improved macroeconomic environment compared to the previous fiscal year and a colossal fiscal challenge ahead.… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
PAKISTAN - Tobacco Fact Sheet 2024-25
Recovering Healthcare Costs and Saving Lives: An Urgent Call for a Tobacco Tax Increase in the Budget 2024-25
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Research and Policy Brief
Federal Budget 2023-24: An Unsustainable Fiscal Path
Pakistan's economy is confronted with a severe economic crisis, which is characterized by high levels of inflation, low economic activity, low foreign reserves, a depreciating currency, and enormous public finance imbalances. The prevailing political uncertainty is further contributing to the… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Facts vs Industry Narrative: Cigarette Production and Taxation in Pakistan
During the current fiscal year, the government has demonstrated its commitment to curbing cigarette consumption in Pakistan by increasing rates of Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes.
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Research and Policy Brief
Excise Tax Increase on Cigarettes: A Laudable Policy that Needs to be Sustained
The current fiscal year has been unusual for cigarette tax policy in Pakistan. The government took commendable measures of substantially increasing the rates of Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes, which was unprecedented in two aspects. First, the tax changes were made three times during the… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Smokers’ response to price changes suggests enormous potential of taxation for discouraging smoking
This policy brief summarizes the results of a nationally representative survey of more than 7,500 current and past smokers. The research objective was to study smokers' consumption behaviour in response to tax-induced price changes.
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Research and Policy Brief
Tax Law Ordinance 2022: A Long-awaited Excise Tax Increase on Cigarettes
Following the tax measures introduced in the Finance Act 2022 on June 30, 2022, the Government of Pakistan promulgated Tax Law (Amendment) Ordinance 2022 on August 23, 2022, to generate additional revenue from various sectors of the economy, including the tobacco sector. Under the Finance Act 2022,… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Revenue and Health Implications of Excise Tax Increase on Cigarettes
Under the Finance Act 2022, passed on June 30, 2022, in the National Assembly of Pakistan, the government revised the Federal Excise Duty (FED) rates on domestically-produced cigarettes. Keeping the two-tier system intact, the FED rates increased by 13.5 percent and 12.1 percent for high-priced and… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
A Welcome but Insufficient Reform: Excise Tax Increase on Cigarettes
Under the Finance Bill 2022, presented on June 10, 2022, in the National Assembly of Pakistan, the government proposed to revise the Federal Excise Duty (FED) rates on domestically-produced cigarettes. Keeping the two-tier system intact, the FED rates increased by 7.7 percent and 12.1 percent for… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Pakistan has lost nearly PKR 30 billion from under-reported cigarette production in the past three years
In Pakistan, domestically produced cigarettes are subject to two major indirect taxes – the Federal Excise Duty (FED) and the General Sales Tax (GST). The FED accounts for almost 80% of the revenue from the sector. Both taxes are collected at the production stage. The cigarette manufacturing… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Pakistan: Tobacco Fact Sheet 2022
Raising Tobacco Tax Rates to Promote Public Health and Increase Revenue: Policy Options for Budget 2022-23
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Research and Policy Brief
Higher tobacco taxes will not hurt Pakistan's economy
The prevalence of tobacco use continues to remain one of the critical development challenges in Pakistan as about 30 million adults—19.1 percent of the adult population—currently use tobacco in any form. Tobacco use is estimated to be associated with premature deaths of over 160,000 people… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
The Cost of Inaction: Implications of the Cigarette Tax Policy in Pakistan
Pakistan is a signatory to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which requires the country to implement taxation and pricing policies on tobacco products to reduce their consumption. Effective tobacco taxation is considered the most effective means of reducing tobacco consumption… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Household Tobacco Spending and Consumption: Implications for Tax Policy
Pakistan is a high tobacco-burden country where more than 29 million adults currently use tobacco in any form. Estimates based on Pakistan’s Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2018–19 indicate that tobacco is consumed in more than 45% of the households in the country —… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Modelling the Revenue and Health Implications of Tobacco Tax Policy in Pakistan: Options for the Federal Budget 2021-22
Global evidence has established that tobacco use is a leading cause of deaths due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.1 Pakistan is not an exception to this situation: it has a high burden of tobacco use with resulting… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Tobacco Taxation in Pakistan and AJK: Myth vs. Reality
Increasing the price of tobacco products through higher taxation is widely acknowledged as the most effective way to reduce tobacco consumption. Although evidence shows that tobacco taxation does not have a significant impact on the illicit trade of cigarettes1, a common argument of the cigarette… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Research and Policy Brief
The untapped tax potential of the cigarette industry in Pakistan
Tobacco taxation is widely acknowledged as a robust policy instrument to scale back tobacco consumption. Effective and optimal tobacco taxation can serve the dual objective of public health promotion and revenue generation. The effectiveness of this tool, however, depends heavily on the mechanisms… Read More
Research and Policy Brief
Empowering Local Government – The Road to Inclusive and Sustainable Development
Empowering Local Governments
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Research and Policy Brief
Role of Tobacco in Pakistan's Economy: An untold Reality
Role of Tobacco in Pakistan's Economy: An untold Reality
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Research and Policy Brief
Tobacco Control in Pakistan: The Impact of Tax Reduction Policy
Tobacco Control in Pakistan: The Impact of Tax Reduction Policy
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Research and Policy Brief
Fiscal Implications of 7th NFC Award
Fiscal Implications of 7th NFC Award
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Research and Policy Brief
Agenda for Devolved Tax Collection
Agenda for Devolved Tax Collection
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Research and Policy Brief
A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2018-19
A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2018-19
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Research and Policy Brief
A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2017-18
A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2017-18
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Research and Policy Brief
Key Issues in the State of Economy
Key Issues in the State of Economy
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Research and Policy Brief
Social Impact of the Security Crisis
Social Impact of the Security Crisis
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Research and Policy Brief
Women at Work
Women at Work
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Research and Policy Brief
The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade, Policy Brief, April 2007
The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade, Policy Brief, April 2007
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Research and Policy Brief
Macroeconomic impacts of cigarette consumption in Pakistan
Pakistan has a large population of tobacco users, with about 24 million adults consuming tobacco products in one form or another. There is a dearth of research on the impact of a reduction in tobacco use on Pakistan’s economy which can inform policy-makers on the extent that tobacco control… Read More
Journal Article
Climate Change and Drought: Impact of Food Insecurity on Gender Based Vulnerability in District Tharparkar
Climate Change and Drought: Impact of Food Insecurity on Gender Based Vulnerability in District Tharparkar Read More
Journal Article
Pinning down social vulnerability in Sindh Province
Pinning down social vulnerability in Sindh Province Read More
Journal Article
An Empirical Analysis of Meat Demand: A Case Study of Pakistan
An Empirical Analysis of Meat Demand: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Simulating the Impact of Income Distribution on Poverty Reduction
Simulating the Impact of Income Distribution on Poverty Reduction Read More
Journal Article
Gender Inequality in Labour Force Participation: An Empirical Investigation
Gender Inequality in Labour Force Participation: An Empirical Investigation Read More
Journal Article
Human Capital and Economic Growth: The Role of Governance
Human Capital and Economic Growth: The Role of Governance Read More
Journal Article
Incidence of General Sales Tax in Pakistan: Latest Estimates
Incidence of General Sales Tax in Pakistan: Latest Estimates Read More
Journal Article
Assessing Poverty with Non-Income Deprivation Indicators: Pakistan, 2008-09
Assessing Poverty with Non-Income Deprivation Indicators: Pakistan, 2008-09 Read More
Journal Article
Is Devaluation Contractionary? Empirical Evidence for Pakistan.
Is Devaluation Contractionary? Empirical Evidence for Pakistan. Read More
Journal Article
Decentralisation of GST Services and Vertical Imbalances in Pakistan.
Decentralisation of GST Services and Vertical Imbalances in Pakistan. Read More
Journal Article
Financial Implications of 7th NFC Award and the Impact on Social Services.
Financial Implications of 7th NFC Award and the Impact on Social Services. Read More
Journal Article
Urbanization and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Pakistan -
Urbanization and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Pakistan - Read More
Journal Article
The Impact of Trade and Financial-Openness on Government Size: A Case Study of Pakistan
The Impact of Trade and Financial-Openness on Government Size: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
G-20 and Development: A View from Pakistan
G-20 and Development: A View from Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Macroeconomic Environment and Financial Sector’s Performance: Econometric Evidence from three Traditional Approaches.
Macroeconomic Environment and Financial Sector’s Performance: Econometric Evidence from three Traditional Approaches. Read More
Journal Article
Savings-Investment Correlation and Capital Outflow: The Case of Pakistan
Savings-Investment Correlation and Capital Outflow: The Case of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Finance-Openness Nexus and Financial Institutions: A Case of Pakistan
Finance-Openness Nexus and Financial Institutions: A Case of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Neo-Liberal Governance and Poverty in Pakistan
Neo-Liberal Governance and Poverty in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Challenges and Responses for Democracy and Security: Pakistan’s Perspective
Challenges and Responses for Democracy and Security: Pakistan’s Perspective Read More
Journal Article
Capitalizing the Demograhic Dividend
Capitalizing the Demograhic Dividend Read More
Journal Article
Is There any Causality between Human Resource Development and Economic Growth? A Provincial Case Study on Pakistan - 2009
Is There any Causality between Human Resource Development and Economic Growth? A Provincial Case Study on Pakistan - 2009 Read More
Journal Article
Determinants of Workers’ Remittances: Implications for Poor People of Pakistan
Determinants of Workers’ Remittances: Implications for Poor People of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Role of Women in Peace and Conflict: Suffering of Afghan Women
Role of Women in Peace and Conflict: Suffering of Afghan Women Read More
Journal Article
Mapping the Terrain: The Activities of Faith-based Organizations in Development in Pakistan
Mapping the Terrain: The Activities of Faith-based Organizations in Development in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Direct Foreign Investment and Income Distribution: A Case Study for Pakistan
Direct Foreign Investment and Income Distribution: A Case Study for Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
SAARC Prospects and Challenges
SAARC Prospects and Challenges Read More
Journal Article
Bi-Directional causality Between FDI & Savings: A Case Study of Pakistan
Bi-Directional causality Between FDI & Savings: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Either Captial Account Opennes Regressive or Progressive: Economietric Evidence from Pakistan
Either Captial Account Opennes Regressive or Progressive: Economietric Evidence from Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Macroeconomic Determinants of Poor's Happiness: A Case Study of Pakistan
Macroeconomic Determinants of Poor's Happiness: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Does Globalization Benefit the Poor? Evidence from Pakistan
Does Globalization Benefit the Poor? Evidence from Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Estimating the Black Economy through a Monetary Appraoch: A Case Study of Pakistan
Estimating the Black Economy through a Monetary Appraoch: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Does Foreign Remittances Reduce Government Spending? Long and Short Run Phenomenon
Does Foreign Remittances Reduce Government Spending? Long and Short Run Phenomenon Read More
Journal Article
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: ARDL Causality in Pakistan
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: ARDL Causality in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Nominal and Real Devaluation Nexus & Two Econometric Approaches for Pakistan
Nominal and Real Devaluation Nexus & Two Econometric Approaches for Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
The Changing Security Spectrum of South Asia: Consequences for SAARC
The Changing Security Spectrum of South Asia: Consequences for SAARC Read More
Journal Article
Rural-Urban Income Inequality under Financial Development and Trade Openness in Pakistan: The Econometric Evidence
Rural-Urban Income Inequality under Financial Development and Trade Openness in Pakistan: The Econometric Evidence Read More
Journal Article
Dynamism in the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Pakistan
Dynamism in the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Trade and Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: Under Investigation of Alternative Techniques
Trade and Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: Under Investigation of Alternative Techniques Read More
Journal Article
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction: A Case for Pakistan
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction: A Case for Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Remittances and Financial Sector's Performance: Under Two Alternative Approaches for Pakistan
Remittances and Financial Sector's Performance: Under Two Alternative Approaches for Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Une Question de Perception
Une Question de Perception Read More
Journal Article
The Changing Security Spectrum and Issues of Cultural Identitity
The Changing Security Spectrum and Issues of Cultural Identitity Read More
Journal Article
Stock Returns and Inflation: An ARDL Econometric Investigation Utilizing Pakistani Data
Stock Returns and Inflation: An ARDL Econometric Investigation Utilizing Pakistani Data Read More
Journal Article
Long-Run and Short-Run Linkage between Financial Development and Poverty Reducation in Pakistan
Long-Run and Short-Run Linkage between Financial Development and Poverty Reducation in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Ideological Divide of theNonprofit Sector in Pakistan
Ideological Divide of theNonprofit Sector in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reducation? Evidence from Pakistan's Poverty Trends
Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reducation? Evidence from Pakistan's Poverty Trends Read More
Journal Article
How External Shocks and Exchange Rate Depreciations Affect Pakistan? Implications for Choice of an Exchange Rate Regime
How External Shocks and Exchange Rate Depreciations Affect Pakistan? Implications for Choice of an Exchange Rate Regime Read More
Journal Article
Exports, Productivity and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis
Exports, Productivity and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis Read More
Journal Article
Short-Run Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on the Volume of Exports: A Case Study for Pakistan
Short-Run Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on the Volume of Exports: A Case Study for Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Is Search of Poverty Predictors: The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan
Is Search of Poverty Predictors: The Case of Urban and Rural Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Impact of Ownership and Concentration of Land on Schooling
Impact of Ownership and Concentration of Land on Schooling Read More
Journal Article
Determinants of Health Care Expenditure in Pakistan
Determinants of Health Care Expenditure in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Macroeconomic Reforms and Return to Human Captial in Pakistan
Macroeconomic Reforms and Return to Human Captial in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Agricultural Terms of Trade in Pakistan: Issues of Profitability and Standard of Living of the Farmers
Agricultural Terms of Trade in Pakistan: Issues of Profitability and Standard of Living of the Farmers Read More
Journal Article
Is Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector Competitive?
Is Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector Competitive? Read More
Journal Article
On the Causal Relationship between Government Expenditure and Tax Revenue in Pakistan
On the Causal Relationship between Government Expenditure and Tax Revenue in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Zakat as a Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impat on Household welfare in Pakistan
Zakat as a Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impat on Household welfare in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Why Private Investment in Pakistan has Collasped and How it can be Restored
Why Private Investment in Pakistan has Collasped and How it can be Restored Read More
Journal Article
Chapter on Pakistan
Chapter on Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Factors Influencing of Girls' Primary Enrolment in Pakistan
Factors Influencing of Girls' Primary Enrolment in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Health Demand and Outcomes in Pakistan
Health Demand and Outcomes in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Burden of Stabilization on Provinces and its Implication on Social Sectors
Burden of Stabilization on Provinces and its Implication on Social Sectors Read More
Journal Article
Public Private Partnership in the Health Sector: Evidence from a Developing Country
Public Private Partnership in the Health Sector: Evidence from a Developing Country Read More
Journal Article
Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Spending on Education
Benefit Incidence Analysis of Public Spending on Education Read More
Journal Article
Poverty and Inequality During the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys
Poverty and Inequality During the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys Read More
Journal Article
Changes in Returns to Education in Pakistan: 1990-2002
Changes in Returns to Education in Pakistan: 1990-2002 Read More
Journal Article
Income Patterns of Woman Workers in Pakistan- A Case Study of the Urban Manufacturing Sector
Income Patterns of Woman Workers in Pakistan- A Case Study of the Urban Manufacturing Sector Read More
Journal Article
Relationship Between Health Expenditure and GDP in an Augmented Solow Growth Model for Pakistan: An Application of Co-integration and Error Correction Modelling
Relationship Between Health Expenditure and GDP in an Augmented Solow Growth Model for Pakistan: An Application of Co-integration and Error Correction Modelling Read More
Journal Article
Emerging Macroeconomic Imbalances
Emerging Macroeconomic Imbalances Read More
Journal Article
The Periods of Disinvestment in Different Sectors of the Pakistan Economy
The Periods of Disinvestment in Different Sectors of the Pakistan Economy Read More
Journal Article
Socioeconomic and Environment Conditions and Diarrhoeal Disease among Children in Pakistan
Socioeconomic and Environment Conditions and Diarrhoeal Disease among Children in Pakistan Read More
Journal Article
Trade, Investment and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: An Application of Cointegration and Multivariate Causality Test
Trade, Investment and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: An Application of Cointegration and Multivariate Causality Test Read More
Journal Article
Measurement of Cost of Capital for Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: A Neoclassical Approach
Measurement of Cost of Capital for Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: A Neoclassical Approach Read More
Journal Article
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Non-profit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues Read More
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Gender and Public Spending on Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Disaggregated Benefit Incidence Read More
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The Long run and Short run Impact of Exchange Rate Devaluation on Pakistan's Trade Performance Read More
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Sindh Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) Award: First Step Towards Local Government Autonomy Read More
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Political Economy of Fiscal Reforms in the 1990s Read More
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Crowding out Hypothesis in a Vector Error Correction Framework: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
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Dynamic Consequences of 1997 NFC Award: Provincial Social Sector Expenditure Read More
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Pakistan's Trade Performance vis-à-vis its Major Trading Partners Read More
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Some Issues of Governance in Pakistan Read More
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Fiscal Decentralisation: Lessons from the South Asian Experience Read More
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Impediments to Improvements of Social Services in Pakistan Read More
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The City of Karachi: Planning and Managing for Urban Development Read More
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Impediments to Social Development in Pakistan Read More
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Pakistan's Ranking in Social Development: Have We Always Been Backward? Read More
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Gender Inequality in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
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Fifty Years of Public Finance in Pakistan Read More
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Comparing the Seed Cotton and Wheat Marketing Chains in Sindh Read More
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Macro Trends in Corporate Profitability in Pakistan Read More
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Interlocking Transactions in Agriculture, Sindh, Pakistan Read More
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Pakistan: Economic Overview Read More
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The Structure of Government in Pakistan Read More
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Globalization of the Pakistani Economy: Autarky or Dependence Read More
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Determinants of Intra-Urban Residential Mobility in Developing Countries: An Empirical Study of Pakistan Read More
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Economic Overview: Pakistan Read More
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Can Cost Effective Reallocation of Inputs Increase the Efficiency of the Public Health System in Pakistan? Read More
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Demand for Housing Attributes in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
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Suburban Minimum Lot Zoning and Spatial Equilibrium Read More
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Excess Burden of the Property Tax: The Open Jurisdiction Case Read More
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Gender Differentials in the Cost of Primary Education: A Study of Pakistan Read More
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Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan Read More
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Integrated Social-Sector Macroeconomic Model for Pakistan Read More
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Relative Fiscal Effort by Provincial Governments in Pakistan (1989-90 and 1994-95) Read More
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A Case Study of Pakistan Read More
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Political Economy of Higher Education: A Study of Pakistan Read More
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Governance and Fiscal Reforms Read More
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Excess Burden of the Property Tax: The Open Versus the Closed City Case Read More
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Comparative Statistics Analysis of Urban Land Value in the Presence of Government Regulation Read More
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General Equilibrium Effects of Local Taxes Read More
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Is the Social Action Programme in Pakistan Financially Sustainable? Read More
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What Explains the Current High Rate of Inflation in Pakistan Read More
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The Determinants of Rates of Octroi Tax in Pakistan Read More
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Strengthening Policy Research Through Stronger Think Tanks
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This Compendium is a result of the research undertaken and published between 2009 to 2013 under the Gender Research Programme of Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC). The programme was developed to factor in gendered perspectives in hardcore economic issues as well as social progress-engine… Read More
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Provincial Governments and the Social Sectors in Pakistan Read More
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Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning in the Provinces of Pakistan Read More
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Revenue, health benefits of raising tobacco taxes
Raising tax revenues during the third wave of Covid-19 is a daunting task for the policymakers in Pakistan. There are hardly any policy options available for the federal government to raise tax revenues during these challenging times. In this scenario, Social Policy and Development Centre’s… Read More
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A macroeconomic case for higher tobacco taxes in Pakistan
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Mutafariq: Thatta ke Saheeli Dehaat aur Samandari Mudakhalat Read More
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Agri income tax evasion: a huge disincentive for taxpayers Read More
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Sindh maen Thiyal Taleemi Tabahi Aeen Imdadi Idaran Joon Tarjihaat Read More
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The Poorest of the Poor in Pakistan: Households Headed by Women Read More
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New Budget to Fuel Inflation Read More
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Devolution without Delegation Read More
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Does Globalisation Benefit the Poor? Evidence from Pakistan Read More
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Wheat Pricing Policy: A Risk to Food Security Read More
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Development Priorities in the 1998-99 PSDP Read More
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A Year Of Resurrecting Supply Side Economics Read More
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Impact Of Budget On Investment And Savings Read More
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Strategy Of Resource Mobilisation: Does It Offer Anything New Read More
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Post Nuclear Economic Policy Alternatives Read More
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Evolution of Social Services in Pakistan (1947-1997) Read More
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Health Sector: Still Not On The Right Track? Read More
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NFC Award 1997: Long-Term Scenario Read More
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Dilemma of Primary Stage in Sindh Education: Effective Schooling System Imperative Read More
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Current Expenditure Priorities of Provincial Governments Read More
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Budgetary Targets and Trade Performance Read More
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Determinants of Inflation in Pakistan Read More
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Federal & Provincial Budgets 1997-98 Economic & Social Infrastructure: Implications Read More
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Implications of The Federal Budget 1997-98 Read More
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Inter-Sectoral Priorities of Provinces in Annual Development Programme Read More
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Is SAP Expenditure Priority Still Valid? Read More
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Relative Fiscal Effort by The Provincial Governments Read More
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Budget 1997-98 Social Sector Allocations: What's New? Read More
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Budget: Implications For Infrastructure Development Read More
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Allocation of Budget To Priority Expenditures Read More
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Fiscal Status of The Provincial Governments Read More
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The Budget: A Dilemma for Policy Makers Read More
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Debt Management: Can This Stalemate Continue? Read More
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The Budgetary Outcome: 1996-97 Read More
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Impact of The Budget on Poverty Read More
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National Finance Commission 1996: Implications of The New Revenue Sharing Arrangements Read More
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Accessibility to Basic Services in Pakistan Read More
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SAP: Mythical Numbers of "Programme for Balanced Social Development" Achievements Read More
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Financial Saving: An Important Source For Financing Budget Read More
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Is The New Wave of Reforms Sustainable? Read More
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Caretakers' Therapy For The Deficit Problem Read More
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Social Development Ranking of Districts of Pakistan Read More
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Resource Mobilisation by Provincial Governments Read More
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Budget 1996-97: Provincial Expenditure Priorities Read More
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Impact of The Budget on Poverty and Inequality Read More
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Federal Budget: Implications for Provincial Governments Read More
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The Budgetary Outcome of ‘95-96 Read More
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An Overview of The State of The Economy Read More
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Salient Features of Budget, 1996-97 Read More
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The Reality of Fiscal Adjustment Read More
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Education Status: Where Does Pakistan Stand? - Revisited Read More
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Budget 1996-97: Government Should Avoid Over-Zealous GST, Excise Duties Read More
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Options for the 1996-97 Budget Read More
Newspaper Article
Provincial Positions on Revenue Sharing
Provincial Positions on Revenue Sharing Read More
Newspaper Article
The Federal Perspective
The Federal Perspective Read More
Newspaper Article
Terms of Reference of The 1995 NFC: Implications for The Provinces
Terms of Reference of The 1995 NFC: Implications for The Provinces Read More
Newspaper Article
Straight Transfers To Provinces
Straight Transfers To Provinces Read More
Newspaper Article
An Evaluation of The 1990 NFC Award
An Evaluation of The 1990 NFC Award Read More
Newspaper Article
International Practice of Revenue Sharing
International Practice of Revenue Sharing Read More
Newspaper Article
Evolution of Revenue Sharing Arrangements
Evolution of Revenue Sharing Arrangements Read More
Newspaper Article
Can Cost Effective Reallocation of Resources Lead to Higher Enrollments in the Public Education System?
Can Cost Effective Reallocation of Resources Lead to Higher Enrollments in the Public Education System? Read More
Newspaper Article
Education Status: Where Does Pakistan Stand?
Education Status: Where Does Pakistan Stand? Read More
Newspaper Article
User Charges in Social Sectors Need Revision
User Charges in Social Sectors Need Revision Read More
Newspaper Article
Value of Cost-effectiveness in Service Provision
Value of Cost-effectiveness in Service Provision Read More
Newspaper Article
Issues in Expenditure Planning for Social Development
Issues in Expenditure Planning for Social Development Read More
Newspaper Article
A Review of the Social Action Programme
A Review of the Social Action Programme Read More
Newspaper Article
Is the Social Action Programme Financially Sustainable
Is the Social Action Programme Financially Sustainable Read More
Newspaper Article
Inter-Governmental Fiscal Relations - The 1990 NFC Award: An Evaluation
Inter-Governmental Fiscal Relations - The 1990 NFC Award: An Evaluation Read More
Newspaper Article
Resource Mobilisation by Provincial Governments
Resource Mobilisation by Provincial Governments Read More
Newspaper Article
The Status of Provincial Governments in Pakistan
The Status of Provincial Governments in Pakistan Read More
Newspaper Article
The Structure of Government in Pakistan
The Structure of Government in Pakistan Read More
Newspaper Article
The Level and Pattern of Provincial Expenditures
The Level and Pattern of Provincial Expenditures Read More
Newspaper Article
Social Action Programme will be the Worst Casualty
Social Action Programme will be the Worst Casualty Read More
Newspaper Article
Nexus between Intolerance and Violent Extremism
Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government… Read More
Others
Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls in Pakistan: Country Technical Report
Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls in Pakistan: Country Technical Report
Read More
Others
The Changing Landscape of Gender at SPDC: An Assessment
The Changing Landscape of Gender at SPDC: An Assessment
Read More
Others
Report of Interactive Discussion Session on Integrated Energy Policy Formulation with Emphasis on Social Dimensions
Report of Interactive Discussion Session on Integrated Energy Policy Formulation with Emphasis on Social Dimensions
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Others
Booklet: ABC of the Economics of Tariffs and Import Quotas
Booklet: ABC of the Economics of Tariffs and Import Quotas
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Others
Gender Disaggregated Indicators of the Labour Market in Pakistan
Gender Disaggregated Indicators of the Labour Market in Pakistan Read More
Database Report
Socio-Economic Indicators by Gender: A Regional Comparison for Pakistan
Socio-Economic Indicators by Gender: A Regional Comparison for Pakistan Read More
Database Report
Federal Finance Module
Federal Finance Module Read More
Database Report
Provincial Finance Module
Provincial Finance Module Read More
Database Report
Education Module
Education Module Read More
Database Report
Budget 2022-23: Revenue and Health Implications of Cigarette Tax Policy Options in Pakistan
Tobacco use continues to remain a major public health problem in Pakistan. The number of adults (age 15+) currently using tobacco in any form is estimated to be 31 million,1 accounting for nearly one-fifth of the adult (age 15+) population. Worldwide, tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable… Read More
Policy Paper
Corruption, Elite Impunity and Violent Extremism
Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government… Read More
Policy Paper
Governance Failure and Violent Extremism
Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government… Read More
Policy Paper
Unemployment, Youth and Violent Extremism
Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government… Read More
Policy Paper
Enhanced tobacco taxation in Pakistan is likely to reduce cigarette consumption and even generate more revenue
Pakistan has a chequered history in terms of taxation on cigarettes. The Federal Excise Duty (FED) is the major tax levied on cigarettes in the country and its structure is based on a price-tier system. In 2013, a two-tier structure of FED based on the range of retail prices was introduced. In 2017,… Read More
Policy Paper
The Privatization Program
The Privatization Program Read More
Policy Paper
Agenda for the 8th NFC: Lessons from the 7th NFC Award, Post- 7th NFC Development and Emerging Issues
Agenda for the 8th NFC: Lessons from the 7th NFC Award, Post- 7th NFC Development and Emerging Issues
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Policy Paper
On the Estimation of An Absolute Poverty Line: An Empirical Appraisal
On the Estimation of An Absolute Poverty Line: An Empirical Appraisal Read More
Policy Paper
Why has the Tax-To-GDP Ratio Fallen?
Why has the Tax-To-GDP Ratio Fallen? Read More
Policy Paper
Hidden Subsidies
Hidden Subsidies Read More
Policy Paper
Revamping the SAP
Revamping the SAP Read More
Policy Paper
Macroeconomic Framework for Debt Management
Macroeconomic Framework for Debt Management Read More
Policy Paper
A National Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Role of Donors
A National Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Role of Donors Read More
Policy Paper
Broad-Basing of GST: The Strategy for Transition
Broad-Basing of GST: The Strategy for Transition Read More
Policy Paper
Unsustainability of the Balance of Payments
Unsustainability of the Balance of Payments Read More
Policy Paper
Statement to the Commonwealth Delegation
Statement to the Commonwealth Delegation Read More
Policy Paper
Financial Sustainability of NGOs: Proposal for 1998-99 Federal Budget
Financial Sustainability of NGOs: Proposal for 1998-99 Federal Budget Read More
Policy Paper
Provincial Resource Mobilisation
Provincial Resource Mobilisation Read More
Policy Paper
Political Economy of Tax Reforms: The Pakistan Experience
Political Economy of Tax Reforms: The Pakistan Experience Read More
Policy Paper
Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003): Issues Paper
Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003): Issues Paper Read More
Policy Paper
Fiscal Effort by Provincial Governments in Pakistan
Fiscal Effort by Provincial Governments in Pakistan Read More
Policy Paper
Provincial Budgets of 1995-96
Provincial Budgets of 1995-96 Read More
Policy Paper
Implication of the TOR of the New NFC
Implication of the TOR of the New NFC
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Policy Paper
Rationalisation of Stamp Duties on Financial Assets and Transactions
Rationalisation of Stamp Duties on Financial Assets and Transactions Read More
Policy Paper
Sales Taxation of Services by Provincial Governments
Sales Taxation of Services by Provincial Governments Read More
Policy Paper
User Charges in Education
User Charges in Education Read More
Policy Paper
Sindh Government Budget of 1993-94
Sindh Government Budget of 1993-94 Read More
Policy Paper
User Charges in Health
User Charges in Health Read More
Policy Paper
Rationalisation of Octroi Rates
Rationalisation of Octroi Rates Read More
Policy Paper
Switchover to Ad Valorem Octroi Rates at Dry Ports
Switchover to Ad Valorem Octroi Rates at Dry Ports Read More
Policy Paper
Proceedings of the Seminar on Prospects and Policies for the Future
Proceedings of the Seminar on Prospects and Policies for the Future Read More
Conference Proceedings
Proceedings of the Launching Ceremony of the Social Development in Pakistan - Annual Review 1998
Proceedings of the Launching Ceremony of the Social Development in Pakistan - Annual Review 1998 Read More
Conference Proceedings
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning Read More
Conference Proceedings
Proceedings of the Conference on Resource Mobilisation & Expenditure Planning
Proceedings of the Conference on Resource Mobilisation & Expenditure Planning Read More
Conference Proceedings
Pakistan's Air Pollution Conundrum: The Challenge of Inconsistent Policy Implementation
For the past 30 years, smog has plagued millions of urban residents in Pakistan, particularly in Punjab, where air quality levels reach hazardous levels from October to March. The Air Quality Index (AQI) of Lahore surpassed 1,000 in November 2024, largely due to burning rice stubble transport and… Read More
Working Papers
Own- and Cross-Price Elasticity Estimates for Cigarette Consumption in Pakistan
Smoking remains a significant global public health concern, contributing to substantial healthcare burdens, economic losses due to reduced productivity, and premature mortality. Higher taxation is a well-established strategy, as well as the most effective one, to discourage tobacco use and generate… Read More
Working Papers
The Extent of Illicit Trade of Cigarettes in Pakistan
Tax evasion is a major concern in Pakistan's tobacco control policies. Estimates of illicit cigarette trade are disputed and often inflated by the tobacco industry. This study seeks to measure the magnitude of the non-tax-paid cigarette trade in Pakistan utilizing data from a nationwide survey… Read More
Working Papers